The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, is a list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Bible, was spoken by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and engraved on two stone tablets. They feature prominently in Judaism and Christianity. In Biblical Hebrew they are termed Aseret ha-Dvarîm עשרת הדברים, and in Rabbinical Hebrew Aseret ha-Dibrot עשרת הדברות both translatable as "The Ten Utterances".

The name Decalogue is derived from the Greek name δέκα λόγοι or dekalogoi ("Ten Speeches", lit. "Ten Words") found in the Septuagint, which is the Greek translation of the Hebrew name.

The terms Ten Commandments and Decalogue most frequently refer to the passages Exodus 20:2-17 and Deuteronomy 5:6-21.

However, various commentators, including proponents of the documentary hypothesis and the annotators of the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, maintain that the laws mentioned in Exodus 34are also a Decalogue, commonly called the Ritual Decalogue, which may have predated the Ethical Decalogue deriving from Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5 typically called the Ten Commandments or Decalogue.